The humerus bone in humans functions as an attachment site for the muscles that control the movement of the arm: flexing, extending, moving around; in birds it performs the same functions but in the process of flight allows the wings to flap up, down and around. The carpal bones in humans function as a support system for the hand and allow the movements of the arms to be translated into movements of the hands as well; in birds it allows the wings to move and rotate. Humans have 56 phalanges between their hands and feet and 10 metacarpal bones.
Exercise 5: Aside from the differences in bone functions of the human arm versus a bird's wing as described above the muscles also work in a different fashion. Human arms are designed to perform the function of lifting things so the muscles in our arms are designed to lift the arms up and down, rotate them, and bend at the elbow join to more easily attain or hold something; between the muscles in our forearms and upper arms a human is able to lift approximately 300lbs. For birds the functions of the muscles in the wing are for flying: they help to flap faster, rotate wings to turn or regulate speed and the elbow joint also aids in these functions when it bends or is straight.
Exercise 6: The internal bone structure of a bird appears to have holes and hollow passages while the human bone appears to be more compact and reinforced. I believe that the bones of birds are hollow because it makes them lighter and aids in the physics of flight.
By studying the dynamic changes of bones we can determine growth rates, longevity and growth strategies. Because bones re made up of many different materials scientists can gather information from their presence, the state they are in and when they are seen in the bone in comparison with other samples. Growth can also be charted by how the mass in an organism changes as it ages.
Exercise 1:
Exercise 2:
Exercise 4:
The humerus bone in humans functions as an attachment site for the muscles that control the movement of the arm: flexing, extending, moving around; in birds it performs the same functions but in the process of flight allows the wings to flap up, down and around. The carpal bones in humans function as a support system for the hand and allow the movements of the arms to be translated into movements of the hands as well; in birds it allows the wings to move and rotate. Humans have 56 phalanges between their hands and feet and 10 metacarpal bones.
Exercise 5:
Aside from the differences in bone functions of the human arm versus a bird's wing as described above the muscles also work in a different fashion. Human arms are designed to perform the function of lifting things so the muscles in our arms are designed to lift the arms up and down, rotate them, and bend at the elbow join to more easily attain or hold something; between the muscles in our forearms and upper arms a human is able to lift approximately 300lbs. For birds the functions of the muscles in the wing are for flying: they help to flap faster, rotate wings to turn or regulate speed and the elbow joint also aids in these functions when it bends or is straight.
Exercise 6:
The internal bone structure of a bird appears to have holes and hollow passages while the human bone appears to be more compact and reinforced. I believe that the bones of birds are hollow because it makes them lighter and aids in the physics of flight.
By studying the dynamic changes of bones we can determine growth rates, longevity and growth strategies. Because bones re made up of many different materials scientists can gather information from their presence, the state they are in and when they are seen in the bone in comparison with other samples. Growth can also be charted by how the mass in an organism changes as it ages.