Lab #1: Rocks -Meghan Wright Exercise 1: 1. Flourite 2. Feldspar 3.Hematite 4.Pyrite 5.Quartz 6.Calcite 7.Mica: Muscovite 8.Nagnetite 9.Gypsum 10.Talc 11.Pyrolusite 12.Mica:Biotite 13. Graphite 14.Gypsum: Satin Spar 15.Gypsum: Selenite -Rocks are found in three different forms: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling of magma; the rapidity of cooling determines the characteristics of the rocks. There are two types: granites which make up our continents and basalts which make up the ocean floor; igneous rocks are the hardest type. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of eroded rock. There are three kinds of sedimentary rock: limestone made from carbonates and shells, shale made from aluminum oxides or clay, and sandstone made from sand and silicates; sedimentary rocks are the softest type. Lastly there are metamorphic rocks which are partially re-melted igneous or sedimentary rocks which form along with the former cementing material under pressure and heat to form an interlocking mosaic. There are three types of metamorphic rock: marble formed from limestone deposits, slate from shale deposits, and quartzite from sandstone deposits; metamorphic rocks are harder than sedimentary rocks but softer than igneous rocks.
1. graphite: inside of pencils, dry cell batteries
2. calcite: toothpaste, glue
3. pyrite: solar panels, marcasite jewelry
- Geodes are found mostly along the shore of Lake Michigan in Wisconsin. To break mine open I am opting for the sock method because knowing me I will probably poke my eye out with a chisel.
Before:
After: Exercise 2: 1. The basic idea behind separation is that sand drops to the bottom fast. Silt takes a little longer (30 min) to drop to the bottom. Clay takes 24 hours or more to come out of solution. Put three 50 ml tubes in a rack or cup. Put 15 ml of soil into the first tube to the 15 ml line. Tap the soil down to make sure it has no air pockets.
2. Use a pipette and add 1 ml of a little soapy water to the soil sample (it is a dispersent) and fill the tube to the 45 ml line with tap water. Cap and gently shake for 2 minutes making sure that the soil sample is well mixed in. REMOVE ORGANIC MATERIAL FROM THE TOP. Then add water to fill to the 45 ml line if there is less than 45 ml. 3. Let the tube sit for 30 seconds, open the cap and carefully pour the solution into the second tube. Be sure not to dump the solid contents into the second tube. Let this sit for 30 minutes. a. read how much sand is left in the tube: 7.5mL
b. read how much liquid was poured over and subtract from 45 ml: 45mL-37mL= 8mL 4. Pour the solution off into the third tube and let this sit overnight.
5. Calculate how much of sand, silt and clay there is: Sand: [7.5/15]x100= 33.3% Silt: [2/15]x100= 13.3% Clay: [1 /15]x100= 6.7% Result= Loamy Sand
-Table:
Type of particles
mL in tube
% of soil composition
Sand
7.5
33.3%
Silt
2
13.3%
Clay
1
6.7%
Exercise 3:
-A cast is formed from a mold and a mold is the space in a rock where a plant or animal was and is now a void. -What is amber? Fossilized tree resin -What kinds of fossils are typically preserved in amber? Small bugs and plants
-How are amber fossils different than those in limestone? The fossils in amber don’t desinigrate because of its chemical make up. -How old can these fossils be? At least 30,000 years - Does amber contain DNA? Explain. Yes, they are however held in an abiotic state -There are several tests one can try to determine whether or not the amber in front of them is real or fake: burning real amber would produce a black smoke, acetone wouldn't harm the surface of amber, a fingernail wont scratch its surface, when rubbed will become static and smell like pine trees. I would use the last two tests to see if jewelry at a booth was real.
Exercise 1:
1. Flourite
2. Feldspar
3.Hematite
4.Pyrite
5.Quartz
6.Calcite
7.Mica: Muscovite
8.Nagnetite
9.Gypsum
10.Talc
11.Pyrolusite
12.Mica:Biotite
13. Graphite
14.Gypsum: Satin Spar
15.Gypsum: Selenite
-Rocks are found in three different forms: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling of magma; the rapidity of cooling determines the characteristics of the rocks. There are two types: granites which make up our continents and basalts which make up the ocean floor; igneous rocks are the hardest type. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of eroded rock. There are three kinds of sedimentary rock: limestone made from carbonates and shells, shale made from aluminum oxides or clay, and sandstone made from sand and silicates; sedimentary rocks are the softest type. Lastly there are metamorphic rocks which are partially re-melted igneous or sedimentary rocks which form along with the former cementing material under pressure and heat to form an interlocking mosaic. There are three types of metamorphic rock: marble formed from limestone deposits, slate from shale deposits, and quartzite from sandstone deposits; metamorphic rocks are harder than sedimentary rocks but softer than igneous rocks.
1. graphite: inside of pencils, dry cell batteries
2. calcite: toothpaste, glue
3. pyrite: solar panels, marcasite jewelry
- Geodes are found mostly along the shore of Lake Michigan in Wisconsin. To break mine open I am opting for the sock method because knowing me I will probably poke my eye out with a chisel.
Before:
After:
Exercise 2:
1. The basic idea behind separation is that sand drops to the bottom fast. Silt takes a little longer (30 min) to drop to the bottom. Clay takes 24 hours or more to come out of solution. Put three 50 ml tubes in a rack or cup. Put 15 ml of soil into the first tube to the 15 ml line. Tap the soil down to make sure it has no air pockets.
2. Use a pipette and add 1 ml of a little soapy water to the soil sample (it is a dispersent) and fill the tube to the 45 ml line with tap water. Cap and gently shake for 2 minutes making sure that the soil sample is well mixed in. REMOVE ORGANIC MATERIAL FROM THE TOP. Then add water to fill to the 45 ml line if there is less than 45 ml.
3. Let the tube sit for 30 seconds, open the cap and carefully pour the solution into the second tube. Be sure not to dump the solid contents into the second tube. Let this sit for 30 minutes.
a. read how much sand is left in the tube: 7.5mL
b. read how much liquid was poured over and subtract from 45 ml: 45mL-37mL= 8mL
4. Pour the solution off into the third tube and let this sit overnight.
5. Calculate how much of sand, silt and clay there is:
Sand: [7.5/15]x100= 33.3%
Silt: [2/15]x100= 13.3%
Clay: [1 /15]x100= 6.7%
Result= Loamy Sand
-Table:
-A cast is formed from a mold and a mold is the space in a rock where a plant or animal was and is now a void.
-What is amber? Fossilized tree resin
-What kinds of fossils are typically preserved in amber? Small bugs and plants
-How are amber fossils different than those in limestone? The fossils in amber don’t desinigrate because of its chemical make up.
-How old can these fossils be? At least 30,000 years
- Does amber contain DNA? Explain. Yes, they are however held in an abiotic state
-There are several tests one can try to determine whether or not the amber in front of them is real or fake: burning real amber would produce a black smoke, acetone wouldn't harm the surface of amber, a fingernail wont scratch its surface, when rubbed will become static and smell like pine trees. I would use the last two tests to see if jewelry at a booth was real.